Alexander Tech 10-K: Risk Factors Changes Lead 13 August 2026 Filing Roundup

Alexander Tech’s Risk Factors section changed the most among 8 companies that filed 10-Ks on 13 August 2026, each compared against its prior-year filing.

Desk:
SEC What Changed — 13 August 2026 10-K filing snapshot
RMD-20.34%
VIAV+295.00%
MSGS+113.37%
SRCO-38.18%
BAR+30.81%
PLTM+27.80%

Eight companies met our criteria from the 13 10-K annual reports filed with the SEC on 13 August 2026. To qualify, a company must have filed an annual 10-K report on the target date and have a prior-year 10-K available for a direct year-over-year comparison. A prior-year filing was not available for APPLIED INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES INC, TAPESTRY, INC., BIOVIE INC., NAPC Defense, Inc. and Global-Smart.Tech Inc., so they are excluded from the ranking.

SEC What Changed Methodology

Each company is scored on how similar its current annual filing text is to the prior year. Scores run from 0 to 1 — a score of 1 means the language is essentially unchanged; a lower score means more has changed. We flag three sections that carry the most disclosure signal: Business, Risk Factors, and MD&A. Recent research suggests that lower scores indicate that a company has made significant changes to their filings, these changes are often buried in the filings. If a company was to report positive news, they would likely do so in the form of a press release or statement on their website. The large changers have often underperformed in the market, while the stable-language filers have earned positive abnormal returns.

Key Takeaways

  • ALEXANDER TECH CORP (High) — Alexander Tech is now explicitly warning that it may not survive as a going concern, making financing and a successful business combination the key investment risks.
  • PILLARSTONE CAPITAL REIT (High) — The key change is that Pillarstone is now explicitly a bankruptcy/recovery story, with equity facing a real risk of being wiped out.
  • Madison Square Garden Sports Corp. (High) — The biggest change is a possible Knicks-Rangers split, which could reshape the company’s valuation and strategy if management follows through.
  • RESMED INC (Medium) — ResMed is broadening its growth narrative into AI-enabled connected care and adjacent sleep-health markets, but trade and supply-chain risk is now more explicitly front and center.
  • VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC. (Medium) — VIAVI is signaling that acquisitions remain central to the story, but the company is also acknowledging more volatility and geopolitical risk around that strategy.
  • SPARTA COMMERCIAL SERVICES, INC. (Low) — This filing shows continuity, not transformation: Sparta’s business mix and strategy are basically unchanged.
  • GraniteShares Gold Trust (Low) — The only notable new disclosure is cybersecurity, while the Trust’s gold-only structure and fee drag remain unchanged.
  • GraniteShares Platinum Trust (Low) — The key change is a new cybersecurity disclosure, while the Trust otherwise remains a simple, growing platinum-backed vehicle.

Ranking Table

RankCompanyCIKFull Filing SimilarityBusiness SimilarityRisk Factors SimilarityMD&A SimilarityMost Changed SectionAssessment
1ALEXANDER TECH CORP13474910.26710.5110.973Risk Factorshigh
2PILLARSTONE CAPITAL REIT9289530.9840.9930.9880.961MD&Ahigh
3Madison Square Garden Sports Corp.16365190.9950.9940.9940.995Risk Factorshigh
4RESMED INC9438190.9640.9980.9980.552MD&Amedium
5VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.9120930.9990.9940.9980.99MD&Amedium
6SPARTA COMMERCIAL SERVICES, INC.3182990.9950.99910.999Businesslow
7GraniteShares Gold Trust16904370.996111MD&Alow
8GraniteShares Platinum Trust16908420.996111MD&Alow

ALEXANDER TECH CORP

Rank1
Lowest similarity sectionRisk Factors
Assessmenthigh
SEC filings2026 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text) | 2025 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text)

Alexander Tech’s filing shifts from describing a developed cybersecurity program to saying it is a shell company with no operations, no employees beyond its sole officer/director, and no internal systems to protect. The company also adds explicit going concern language, indicating material doubt about its ability to continue without new capital or a business combination. Related-party debt also rose year over year.

Main Changes

  • The company replaced a detailed cybersecurity program description with a much shorter disclosure saying it is "a shell company with no operations, no employees other than its sole officer and director, and no information technology systems or data assets of its own."
  • Instead of saying it had formal cybersecurity policies, assessments, monitoring tools, and third-party reviews, the new filing says it "has not established cybersecurity risk assessment, risk management or governance processes" and has not hired any outside cybersecurity advisers.
  • The filing adds that "substantial doubt exists regarding our ability to continue as a going concern," which was not stated in the prior year’s MD&A.
  • The debt owed to the related party increased to $348,374 from $324,875, while the related-party name is updated from "A9 Technologies and Holdings, LLC" to "9A Technologies and Holdings, LLC."

Watch Items

  • The new going concern language is the biggest red flag: it signals the company may need outside financing to survive as a public shell.
  • Dropping the prior cybersecurity framework and replacing it with a no-systems, no-operations description suggests the company is not running an operating business yet.
  • The higher related-party payable increases balance-sheet pressure and reinforces dependence on insiders for funding and support.

Important Filing Changes

2025 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

Our approach to cybersecurity is anchored in formal policies, robust controls, ongoing risk assessment and clear governance structures. Governance and Oversight Our sole director, who also serves as our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has ultimate responsibility for cybersecurity oversight. This individual: – Reviews our cybersecurity program and risk profile at least quarterly. – Approves our cybersecurity policies, standards and incident response procedures; and – Monitors management’s implementation of recommended improvements. **Management’s Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy** Our cybersecurity program is designed to align with industry’s best practices, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF).

2026 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

The Company is a shell company with no operations, no employees other than its sole officer and director, and no information technology systems or data assets of its own. Accordingly, the Company has not established cybersecurity risk assessment, risk management or governance processes, and has not engaged any assessors, consultants, auditors or other third parties in connection with cybersecurity.

2025 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

We continue to: – Invest in strengthening endpoint and network defenses; – Enhance logging, detection and response capabilities; and – Revisit our risk assessments and incident response playbooks to address emerging threat vectors. We believe our cybersecurity governance, risk management processes and incident response program provide a strong foundation for managing risks, but no cybersecurity program can eliminate all risks entirely. We will continue to evolve our defenses in line with industry developments and regulatory expectations.

2026 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

The Company is a shell company with no operations, no employees other than its sole officer and director, and no information technology systems or data assets of its own. Accordingly, the Company has not established cybersecurity risk assessment, risk management or governance processes, and has not engaged any assessors, consultants, auditors or other third parties in connection with cybersecurity. Our sole officer and director is responsible for identifying, assessing and responding to any cybersecurity threat.

2025 filing excerpt – MD&A

We plan to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On October 14, 2018, we had entered into a Letter of Intent with an unrelated third party. Except for this Letter of Intent, we have not identified any business combination target and we have not, nor has anyone on our behalf, initiated any substantive discussions, directly or indirectly, with respect to identifying any business combination target.

2026 filing excerpt – MD&A

We plan to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On July 14, 2018, we entered a Letter of Intent with an unrelated third party. The Letter of Intent was abandoned following the change in control of the Company in 2021, was never consummated, and is currently in the process of being corroborated.

PILLARSTONE CAPITAL REIT

Rank2
Lowest similarity sectionMD&A
Assessmenthigh
SEC filings2026 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text) | 2025 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text)

Pillarstone’s new filing reflects a major deterioration in the business: two bankruptcy cases were filed, the affected subsidiaries were deconsolidated, and management now warns that shareholders may get nothing. The company also says it settled some Whitestone-related claims, but the Uptown Tower case remains unresolved and bankruptcy-related costs continue to weigh on liquidity. A new cybersecurity section was added, but it reads as a standard governance update rather than a core business change.

Main Changes

  • MD&A now says Whitestone Uptown Tower filed Chapter 11 on December 1, 2023, and the remaining property-owning subsidiaries filed Chapter 11 on March 4, 2024, with those entities deconsolidated from the financial statements.
  • The filing adds that the company entered a settlement with Whitestone REIT, Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, and Whitestone TRS to resolve claims and create reserves for bankruptcy estate administration; claims in the Uptown Tower case were not settled and remain outstanding.
  • The risk discussion now states shareholders may receive no recovery and that the shares could be worthless if senior claims are not paid, while prolonged bankruptcy could hurt operations, liquidity, and the ability to retain tenants, vendors, and employees.
  • A new cybersecurity section says the board oversees cyber risk, the company uses third-party consultants, and cyber threats have not materially affected the business since management was internalized.

Watch Items

  • Bankruptcy shifts the story from a dispute-heavy REIT to a restructuring situation where equity recovery is highly uncertain.
  • The settlement may reduce some litigation overhang, but unresolved Uptown Tower claims and ongoing bankruptcy costs still pressure cash and management attention.
  • The new cybersecurity disclosure is mostly governance-oriented, but it signals a small-staffed company relying on outside support for IT risk management.

Important Filing Changes

2025 filing excerpt – MD&A

The bankruptcy cases were consolidated into the jointly administered cases styled In re: Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, et. al. , Case No. 24-30653-mvl-11, in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division, the same court as the Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC bankruptcy case described under “—Uptown Tower” below. The joint plan of liquidation in the bankruptcy case providing for the sale of the Real Estate Assets other than Uptown Tower and treatment of claims was confirmed in November 2024.

2026 filing excerpt – MD&A

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. On December 1, 2023, Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of Pillarstone Capital REIT (the “ Company, ” “ Pillarstone, ” “ we, ” “ our, ” or “ us ” ), filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas in the case styled In re: Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC a/a/ Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership, Case No. 23-32832-mvl-11, in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division.

2025 filing excerpt – MD&A

The bankruptcy cases were consolidated into the jointly administered cases styled In re: Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, et. al. , Case No. 24-30653-mvl-11, in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division, the same court as the Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC bankruptcy case described under “—Uptown Tower” below. The joint plan of liquidation in the bankruptcy case providing for the sale of the Real Estate Assets other than Uptown Tower and treatment of claims was confirmed in November 2024.

2026 filing excerpt – MD&A

On December 1, 2023, Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of Pillarstone Capital REIT (the “ Company, ” “ Pillarstone, ” “ we, ” “ our, ” or “ us ” ), filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas in the case styled In re: Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC a/a/ Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership, Case No. 23-32832-mvl-11, in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division. On March 4, 2024, bankruptcy cases were filed Pillarstone OP, as well as Whitestone CP Woodland Ph.

2025 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. If, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements.

2026 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

12 Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act or other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs . The Americans with Disabilities Act generally requires that certain buildings, including office buildings, residential buildings and hotels, be made accessible to disabled persons.

Madison Square Garden Sports Corp.

Rank3
Lowest similarity sectionRisk Factors
Assessmenthigh
SEC filings2026 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text) | 2025 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text)

Madison Square Garden Sports disclosed that its board is actively exploring a spin-off that would separate the Rangers and Knicks businesses into two public companies. That is a meaningful strategic shift and suggests management may believe the two franchises are worth more apart than together. The rest of the filing updates corporate and organizational details, but the potential separation is the key new development.

Main Changes

  • The company added a new disclosure that on February 18, 2026, the board authorized management to explore a potential spin-off separating the New York Rangers business from the New York Knickerbockers business into two publicly traded companies.
  • The business section now says the company incorporated "MSGS Sp" on April 28, 2026, signaling it has begun the legal setup for the separation.
  • The filing also updates the company description to reflect the June 10, 2025 conversion from Delaware to Nevada, but the substantive new item is the possible split of the sports franchises.

Watch Items

  • A split could unlock value if the Knicks and Rangers are better valued separately, but it also introduces execution risk and potential transaction costs.
  • Investors should watch whether management provides a timeline, structure, or rationale for the separation, since that will indicate how committed the board is to the plan.
  • If pursued, the spin-off could change capital allocation, governance, and how investors assess each team’s standalone economics.

Important Filing Changes

2025 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

Risk Factors — Economic and Business Relationship Risks — Certain of Our Subsidiaries Have Incurred Substantial Indebtedness, and the Occurrence of an Event of Default Under Our Subsidiaries’ Credit Facilities or Our Inability to Repay Such Indebtedness When Due Could Substantially Impair the Assets of Those Subsidiaries and Have a Negative Effect on Our Business.” Financing Agreements and Stock Repurchases See Note 13 and Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussions of the Company’s debt obligations and various financing agreements, and the Company’s stock repurchases, respectively. Cash Flow Discussion The following table summarizes the Company’s cash flow activities for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024: Years Ended June 30, 2025 2024 Net (loss) income $ (22,438) $ 58,771 Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to…

2026 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

Risk Factors — Economic and Business Relationship Risks — Labor Matters May Have a Material Negative Effect on Our Business and Results of Operations .” In addition to our future performance being dependent upon the continued popularity and/or on-court or on-ice competitiveness of the Knicks and Rangers, it is also dependent on general economic conditions, in particular those in the New York City metropolitan area, and the effect of these conditions on our customers. An economic downturn could adversely affect our business and results of operations as it may lead to lower demand for suite licenses and tickets to the games of our sports teams, which would also negatively affect merchandise and concession sales, as well as decrease levels of sponsorship and venue signage revenues.

2025 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

Payment terms for such arrangements can vary by contract, but payments are generally due in installments throughout the contractual term. The performance obligations included in each sponsorship agreement vary and may include various advertising benefits such as, but not limited to, signage, digital advertising, and event or property specific advertising, as well as non-advertising benefits such as suite licenses and event tickets. To the extent the Company’s multi-year arrangements provide for performance obligations that are consistent over the multi-year contractual term, such performance obligations generally meet the definition of a series as provided for under the accounting guidance.

2026 filing excerpt – Risk Factors

Risk Factors — Economic and Business Relationship Risks — Labor Matters May Have a Material Negative Effect on Our Business and Results of Operations .” In addition to our future performance being dependent upon the continued popularity and/or on-court or on-ice competitiveness of the Knicks and Rangers, it is also dependent on general economic conditions, in particular those in the New York City metropolitan area, and the effect of these conditions on our customers. An economic downturn could adversely affect our business and results of operations as it may lead to lower demand for suite licenses and tickets to the games of our sports teams, which would also negatively affect merchandise and concession sales, as well as decrease levels of sponsorship and venue signage revenues. Concurrent with the amendments to the local telecast rights agreements, MSG Networks issued penny warrants to the Company exercisable for 19.9% of the equity interests in MSG Networks.

2025 filing excerpt – Business

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the years ended on June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are referred to as “fiscal year 2025”, “fiscal year 2024”, and “fiscal year 2023”, respectively. Overview The Company owns and operates a portfolio of assets featuring some of the most recognized teams in all of sports, including the New York Knickerbockers (“Knicks”) of the National Basketball Association (“NBA”) and the New York Rangers (“Rangers”) of the National Hockey League (“NHL”). Both the Knicks and the Rangers play their home games in Madison Square Garden Arena (“The Garden”), also known as The World’s Most Famous Arena.

2026 filing excerpt – Business

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the years ended on June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024 are referred to as “fiscal year 2026”, “fiscal year 2025”, and “fiscal year 2024”, respectively. Potential Spin-off Transaction On February 18, 2026, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board of Directors”) authorized management to explore a potential spin-off that would separate the Company’s New York Rangers (“Rangers”) business from its New York Knickerbockers (“Knicks”) business, creating two distinct publicly traded companies. On April 28, 2026, the Company incorporated MSGS Spinco, Inc., a Nevada corporation and direct, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Spinco”), to hold the Rangers business.

RESMED INC

Rank4
Lowest similarity sectionMD&A
Assessmentmedium
SEC filings2026 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text) | 2025 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text)

ResMed’s filing leans harder into digital health, AI, and connected care, while also highlighting a new acquisition that broadens its sleep-health portfolio. At the same time, management expanded its tariff and trade-risk disclosure, signaling more concern about supply-chain costs and shipping disruption. The business remains centered on sleep and respiratory care, but the company is clearly trying to widen its growth story.

Main Changes

  • The company rewrote its business description to call itself a "global leader in digital health and cloud-connected medical devices" and added that its solutions are "AI-powered" and designed to make home healthcare more personalized, accessible and effective.
  • ResMed added a new product expansion: in June 2026 it acquired Noctrix Health, a company with an FDA De Novo device for restless legs syndrome, saying the deal expands its clinical sleep health portfolio into an adjacent unmet need.
  • The supply-chain risk language was broadened from "tariff measures introduced in February 2025" to "the imposition, modification, or expansion of tariffs and other trade measures," and it now says new or increased tariffs, reciprocal tariffs, or trade disruptions could hurt costs, inputs, transportation and shipping.
  • The company also updated its manufacturing footprint disclosure to say the Calabasas, California site will be part of Resmed-branded manufacturing "beginning in fiscal year 2027."

Watch Items

  • The AI and digital-health framing signals a stronger push to position the business as a connected-care platform, not just a device maker.
  • The Noctrix acquisition suggests management is willing to extend into adjacent sleep-health categories, which could broaden growth but also adds integration and execution risk.
  • The expanded tariff language shows management sees trade policy as a more dynamic margin and supply-chain risk than in the prior filing.

Important Filing Changes

2025 filing excerpt – MD&A

At June 30, 2025, our total assets were $8.2 billion and our stockholders’ equity was $6.0 billion. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations In order to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed, excluding the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, we provide certain financial information on a “constant currency basis”, which is in addition to the actual financial information presented. To calculate our constant currency information, we translate the current period financial information using the foreign currency exchange rates that were in effect during the previous comparable period.

2026 filing excerpt – MD&A

AND SUBSIDIARIES PART I Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This report contains or may contain certain forward-looking statements and information that are based on the beliefs of our management as well as estimates and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. All statements other than statements regarding historical facts are forward-looking statements.

2025 filing excerpt – MD&A

Our Singapore operations operate under certain tax holidays and tax incentive programs that will expire in whole or in part at various dates through June 30, 2030. As a result of the TCJA, we treated all non-U.S. historical earnings as taxable during the year ended June 30, 2018.

2026 filing excerpt – MD&A

AND SUBSIDIARIES PART I Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This report contains or may contain certain forward-looking statements and information that are based on the beliefs of our management as well as estimates and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. All statements other than statements regarding historical facts are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “will continue,” “will,” “estimate,” “plan,” “future” and other similar expressions, and negative statements of such expressions, generally identify forward-looking statements, including, in particular, statements regarding expectations of future revenue or earnings, expenses, results of operations, new product development, new product launches, new markets for our products, the integration of acquisitions and success of strategic initiatives, including divestitures, our supply chain, domestic and international regulatory developments, litigation, tax outlook, and the expected impact of macroeconomic conditions on our business.

2025 filing excerpt – Business

We design innovative solutions to treat and keep people out of the hospital, empowering them to live healthier, higher-quality lives. Our digital health technologies and cloud-connected medical devices transform care for people with sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, and other chronic diseases.

2026 filing excerpt – Business

We design innovative technology to empower people to live happier, healthier lives. Our artificial intelligence, or AI, powered digital health solutions, cloud-connected devices and intelligent software are designed to make home healthcare more personalized, accessible and effective.

VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.

Rank5
Lowest similarity sectionMD&A
Assessmentmedium
SEC filings2026 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text) | 2025 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text)

VIAVI’s new filing broadens its deal-related outlook, moving from a specific Spirent reference to a wider set of completed and contemplated acquisitions and strategic transactions. It also adds stock price volatility and sharper geopolitical language, while the business section more clearly emphasizes hyperscale data centers and government/defense as key end markets. Overall, the filing reads as a modest but more risk-aware update around growth, M&A, and external uncertainty.

Main Changes

  • The forward-looking statements now explicitly reference "completed and contemplated acquisitions and strategic transactions" instead of only the prior Spirent-related acquisition language, broadening the deal-related outlook.
  • VIAVI added "stock price volatility" as a specific forward-looking risk, which was not called out in the prior filing.
  • The macro-risk language was updated to say "conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East" and added "political instability and economic uncertainty in the Middle East," making the geopolitical backdrop more explicit.
  • The business section now says NSE serves "hyperscale data centers" and "government and defense" customers, while OSP customer language was tightened to emphasize customer service, technical support, and support through product development and volume production.

Watch Items

  • The broader acquisition language suggests management is still leaning on M&A and integration to shape growth, so investors should watch execution risk and synergy delivery.
  • The new stock-volatility disclosure signals management sees a more uncertain trading backdrop, which can matter for capital allocation and investor sentiment.
  • More explicit geopolitical and customer-end-market wording highlights exposure to demand swings in data centers, defense, and global supply chains.

Important Filing Changes

2025 filing excerpt – MD&A

A forward-looking statement may contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “can impact,” “could,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “will continue to be,” “would,” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include statements, but are not limited to statements such as: • Financial projections and expectations, including profitability of certain business units, synergies, benefits and other matters related to the acquisition of the high-speed ethernet, network security and channel emulation testing business lines of Spirent Communications plc, plans to reduce costs and improve efficiencies including through restructuring programs, the effects of seasonality on certain business units, the consolidation of the communication industry and continued reliance on key customers for a significant portion of our revenue, future sources of revenue, competition and pricing…

2026 filing excerpt – MD&A

A forward-looking statement may contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “can impact,” “could,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “will continue to be,” “would,” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include statements, but are not limited to statements such as: • Financial projections and expectations, including profitability of certain business units, synergies, benefits and other matters related to completed and contemplated acquisitions and strategic transactions, plans to reduce costs and improve efficiencies including through restructuring programs, the effects of seasonality on certain business units, the consolidation of the communication industry and continued reliance on key customers for a significant portion of our revenue, future sources of revenue, stock price volatility, competition and pricing pressures, the future impact of certain accounting pronouncements, and our estimation of the potential impact and materiality of litigation; • Sufficiency of our sources of funding for working capital, capital expenditures, contractual obligations, acquisitions, stock repurchases, debt repayments and other matters; • Our expectations regarding demand for our products and services, including industry trends and technological advancements that may drive such demand, the role we will play in those advancements and our ability to benefit from such advancements; • Our plans for growth and innovation opportunities; • Our plans for continued development, use and protection of our intellectual property; • Our strategies for achieving our current business objectives, including related risks and uncertainties; • Our plans or expectations relating to investments, execution of capital allocation and debt management strategies, acquisitions, partnerships and other strategic opportunities; • Our research and development plans and investments and the expected impact of such plans on our financial performance; • Our expectations related to our products, including costs associated with the development of new products, product yields, quality and other issues; • Our expectations regarding the impact of tariffs and our strategies for mitigating such impact; • Our expectations related to future tax liabilities resulting from future tax legislation; and • Our expectations related to macro-economic conditions, including the impact of inflation, fiscal tightening at central banks, changes in foreign exchange rates, the risk of increased tensions and trade actions, including global tariffs, ongoing geopolitical tensions including the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East, and political instability and economic uncertainty in the Middle East, on our business, operations and financial results. Management cautions that forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements.

2025 filing excerpt – MD&A

We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-K to conform such statements to actual results or changes in our expectations. BUSINESS GENERAL Overview Viavi Solutions Inc. (VIAVI, also referred to as the Company, we, our and us) is a global provider of network test, monitoring and assurance solutions for telecommunications, cloud, enterprises, first responders, military, aerospace and critical infrastructure. VIAVI is also a leader in optical processing technologies for anti-counterfeiting, 3D sensing, aerospace, automotive and industrial applications.

2026 filing excerpt – MD&A

We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-K to conform such statements to actual results or changes in our expectations. BUSINESS GENERAL Overview Viavi Solutions Inc. (VIAVI, also referred to as the Company, we, our and us) is a global leader in test and measurement and optical technologies. Our test and measurement, and resilient Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) solutions enable and secure critical infrastructure ranging from data center ecosystems and communication networks to military, aerospace, railway and first responder communications.

2025 filing excerpt – Business

BUSINESS GENERAL Overview Viavi Solutions Inc. (VIAVI, also referred to as the Company, we, our and us) is a global provider of network test, monitoring and assurance solutions for telecommunications, cloud, enterprises, first responders, military, aerospace and critical infrastructure. VIAVI is also a leader in optical processing technologies for anti-counterfeiting, 3D sensing, aerospace, automotive and industrial applications.

2026 filing excerpt – Business

BUSINESS GENERAL Overview Viavi Solutions Inc. (VIAVI, also referred to as the Company, we, our and us) is a global leader in test and measurement and optical technologies. Our test and measurement, and resilient Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) solutions enable and secure critical infrastructure ranging from data center ecosystems and communication networks to military, aerospace, railway and first responder communications.

SPARTA COMMERCIAL SERVICES, INC.

Rank6
Lowest similarity sectionBusiness
Assessmentlow
SEC filings2026 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text) | 2025 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text)

Sparta’s year-over-year Business section is essentially unchanged. The company still presents itself as a small holding company spanning fintech, financial services, e-commerce/mobile technology, and health and wellness, with only minor wording cleanup in the supplement description. There is no new strategic direction, no new business line, and no obvious change in competitive positioning.

No material section-level wording change was large enough to quote from the compared sections.

GraniteShares Gold Trust

Rank7
Lowest similarity sectionMD&A
Assessmentlow
SEC filings2026 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text) | 2025 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text)

This filing is mostly a housekeeping update, but it does add a dedicated cybersecurity disclosure section. The Trust’s core setup is unchanged: it still exists to hold physical gold, and its value continues to move with gold prices and share flows. The latest year also showed a higher redeemable value and a modest decline in shares outstanding.

No material section-level wording change was large enough to quote from the compared sections.

GraniteShares Platinum Trust

Rank8
Lowest similarity sectionMD&A
Assessmentlow
SEC filings2026 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text) | 2025 10-K HTML/iXBRL (SEC page, raw text)

This year’s filing is mostly a routine update, but it adds a new cybersecurity disclosure section. The Trust also grew meaningfully, with assets and shares outstanding both rising sharply as platinum prices increased and more baskets were created than redeemed. Overall, the filing points to a larger, still straightforward physical platinum vehicle with no major change in structure or risk profile.

No material section-level wording change was large enough to quote from the compared sections.

Why SEC Filing Changes Matter

Research by Cohen et al. (Lazy Prices, 2020) — using the complete history of SEC filings from 1995 to 2014 — shows that when firms make active changes to their annual disclosures, those changes convey an important signal about future operations and returns. A portfolio that shorted "changers" and bought "non-changers" earned over 22% per year in annual alpha historically. Changes to the Risk Factors section, Business description, and language referring to the executive team were especially informative. Critically, these returns accrued gradually as information was later revealed through news and earnings — not at the time of filing — suggesting many investors remain inattentive to these simple, public signals. This snapshot is a starting point for deeper investigation, not a buy or sell recommendation.

For more like this, see the full SEC What Changed archive, browse more equity research reports, or subscribe to Quantitative Research Notes for new filing-change alerts as soon as they publish.

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Material 10-K and 10-Q language changes, summarized the day they hit EDGAR.

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Research disclaimer

This material is provided for research and educational purposes only. It is not investment advice, a recommendation, or an offer to buy or sell any security or strategy.

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